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Simple Buzzer
Basic working principle of simple buzzer is electromagnetism.
Material required:
Copper wire (insulated and bare Ended), insulated wire for connection, low-voltage
Power supply or Battery, Hacksaw blade or metal strip, nail or screw
Description: Wind the copper wire around
the nail or screw (about 150 – 200 turns) fixed on base. This will form an
electromagnet. Fix the Hacksaw blade or metal strip on base in such a that the other
end of the blade will remain 2-3 mm above the nail or screw. Connect one end
of electromagnet wire with battery. Connect the other terminal of battery with
fixed end of blade. Another end of electromagnet wire is connected in such a way that it touches the top of the
blade. In this way buzzer sound is produced.
Different Models:
Flame Standing Wave Tube (Rubens' tube)
The Ruben's Tube is a physics experiment demonstrating a standing wave. Invented by German physicist Heinrich Rubens in 1905.
Material required : A Long Metal Tube (Perforated along the top), Speaker or Frequency generator, Gas Cylinder, Lighter, etc
Different Models:
Material required : A Long Metal Tube (Perforated along the top), Speaker or Frequency generator, Gas Cylinder, Lighter, etc
Description: A length of pipe is perforated along the top. One ends of pipe is attached to a speaker or frequency generator, and other end connected with Gas Cylinder. When you switch on the gas supply, the pipe is filled with the gas, and the gas leaking from the perforations. Light the gas with the help of lighter.
When the speaker is turned on, it sends a series of waves of air down the tube at the speed of sound, these then reflect off the far end of the tube, so there are two sets of waves moving through the tube in opposite directions. For most wavelengths this does not produce a very interesting effect, but when the length of the tube is a multiple of half the wavelength the two waves add together to form what is known as a standing wave. This standing wave can be seen directly as differences in the height of the individual flames.
Notes : The tube can become very hot during Experiment.
For safety reasons, the Rubens Tube was set up outside. Chladni Plates - Sand Vibration Patterns
Ancient way to visualize the effects of vibrations on mechanical surfaces. Chladni patterns were discovered by Ernst Chladni
Different Models:
Material required: speaker, Metal/ plastic plate, sand etc.
Description: Place the Metal/ plastic plate on the speaker. Balance the plate and Sprinkle some of the " sand" on the surface of plate. Turn the speaker on and adjust the frequency until a standing beautiful wave pattern can be seen on the surface of the plate. The sand will gather into the null areas of the plate.
One can also create such patterns with the
help of guitar, violin, and vibratos with electronic signal generator.
Different Models:
